Tu pawh hian, hlimna leh lawmna, hahdamna min thlen a, kan zangkhai theihna tur kan beisei vek a. Dam chhung la laa nawmsakna mai piah lamah, thih hnu khawvelah pawh thlarau hahdamna tur atan kan nun pum deuhthaw hi kan hmang a ni. Ṭhenkhat tan chuan he khawvel hi lungngaihna leh ṭahnaa khat, hlimnaten mual an liam a, beiseinate a bona hmun, retheihna leh riangvai taka awmna hmun a nih chang a tam ṭhin. Chung mite tan chuan he nunah hian beisei tur a awm lo va, an beiseina chu thlarau ramah emaw, nun hlui liam taah emaw, an suangtuahnaa an din khawvel ṭha zawkah emaw chuan a awm a. Savaah emaw thilsiam dangah chana an duhsam hmunah chuan he khawvel hi chhuahsan an duh ṭhin a, an hlaphuahahte an duhthusam chu puang chhuakin, chu chu Escapism chu a ni.
He paper-ah hian Mafaa khan engvanga he khawvel hi chhuahsan duh nge a nih tih te, engtin nge chhuahsan a duh a, khawi hmunah nge, eng hmanrua leh theihna hmangin nge a chhuahsan ang tihte a hla ‘Kungpui Mi Ril’ tih aṭangin kan zirchiang dawn a ni.
Mizo pi leh pute chuan thih hnu khawvela an thlarau hahdam taka a awm theihna leh an ropuina tur Pialral an beisei ṭhin a. Pialral thleng tur chuan an damlaiin thangchhuah emaw Pasalṭha mi huaisen, ral leh sa kap thei nih a ngai a ni. Pialralah chuan fai sa ringin nuamsa takin an awm theiin an ring a, an dam laia an thawhrimna lak ata an chawl tawh dawn niin an ngai a ni. Chu suangtuahna ram chu Ṭhuamtea khawlhring chuan mihrang hrangin hming hran hran an vuah a ni tiin,
Rokunga chuan ‘Chhawrpial Run’ a ti a, Siamkima chuan ‘Zalenna Ram’ a vuah thung. Zikpuii Pain ‘Lungrualna Tlang’ a tih laiin Thomas Moore chuan ‘Utopia’ a ti thung a, James Hilton chuan ‘Shangrila’ a lo vuah ve mek bawk a. Spanish ho ‘Eldorado’ leh Greek ho’elysian’ pawh hi he suangtuah ram tho hi a ni a, engthawlna khawpui a ni (Zotuithiang 190).
C. Lalnunchanga chuan a lehkhabu Kawlkil Piah Lamtluang tihah chuan, “Mi tu pawhin khawvel khawi lai emawah hian hmun danglam leh nuam tak, muanawm reih awmin kan ring a,” tiin a changtupa Vala hmangin a sawi a (68). Chu lehkhabua Ahfrit hnamte pawh chuan Mizo pi puten Pialral an beisei ang deuh bawkin pialral, khawvel aia hmun nuam zawk leh rei tak dam a, upat theih loh va, vanglai hun hman reng theihna hmun awmin an ring a. Chu hmun chu bawhin mi tam tak an kal tawh a, ram ṭha leh zual chakin an awm a ni (69).
Escapism chu hringnun tlanbo sanna leh nun hreawmna lak ata bikbo duhna hi a ni a. Romanticism ziarang pawimawh tak pakhat a ni. R.L. Thanmawia chuan, “Hringnun thlawh chhuahsan chakna hi a ni,” (Lenchawm 200) tiin a sawi a. J.F Laldailova Dictionary-ah chuan, “mawhphurhna pumpelhna, duhthusam hmang mi” (183) tiin a sawi bawk. Lalrammuana Sailo chuan, “ Escapism chu mihring nun pangngai duh khawp lohna aṭanga lo awm a ni a, miin ama nun chu chhan eng emaw avanga ningin chhuahsan duh ta se, suangtuahna khawvelah emaw thil dang hmangin emaw mihring nun chu kalsan a duh ṭhin a, chu chu escapism kan tih chu a ni,” (Tlaizawng 178) tiin a sawifiah a. Natna lak ata damna beisei a, duhthusam hmunah an rinnain khawvel chhuahsan an duhna a ni.
Oxford Essential Dictionary chuan escapism chu, “A tak ram aṭangin suangtuahna emaw thilsiam dang emaw hmanga hreawmna awm lohna leh rilru engthawlna hmun beiseina,” tiin a dah a (194). Webster Dictionary chuan, “Thil tak tak emaw thil nihphung pangngai kal pela suangtuahna ram emaw thil hahdamthlak lama mihring rilru lak pen ṭhinna” tih a ni (Webster). F. Lalzuithanga chuan escapism chu, “a tak ram khawvel chhuahsana kan suangtuah leh duhthusam rama chen châkna” tiin a sawi a (Laisuih Bu Hnihna 124). Ram ṭha lehzual châkna a ni a, chu chu Mizo kristian hla thar ziarang a ni tiin R.L. Thanmawia sawi a ṭawmpui bawk a ni. (124).
Thu leh hla huangah chuan romantic poetry kan tihte hi escapism inlar tamna berte an ni a tih theih awm e. Kum zabi 19-na laia romantic poet – William Wordsworth, S.T Coleridge, P.B. Shelley, William Blake , John Keats, etc, te khan he khawvela an hreawmna leh rilru tawtna lak ata an hla hmangin khuarelah, khawvel ṭha zawka tlanchhuahna kawng an zawng a. An duhthusam ramah chuan rinnain savaah emaw thilsiam dangah emaw chan a, he khawvel hi chhuahsan an duh ṭhin a ni. Hringnun retheihna leh manganna lak ata bikbona an zawng a, he khawvel thil reng reng hian hlimna emaw a pe thei si lo. An duhthusam khawvel ṭha zawk an din chawpah chuan chen an duh ta ṭhin a ni. Heng mite hi escapist poet tih an ni.
Kum 1919 harhnain a hrin chhuah Mizo lengkhawm zaiahte hian escapism hnuhma a tam hle mai a. He khawvel mi ni lo ang maiin an hlaahte chuan an sawi a, Thanmawia chuan,
van nun an tem tawh a, vanram ngaiin an kur a; hmangaihtu Isua hnen thlen hlan an nghakhlel a, an hmangaih kal tate nen intawh khawm an chak em em bawk a; chuvangin an thla chu leiah a ngam lo va, an hla hmangin an thlawk chhuak a,…khawvel hnu chhawnin vanram an thlir thin a ni ( Lenchawm 201)
tiin khawvel chhuahsan an duh chhan chiang takin a sawi a. Khawvel leh hringnun an nin hrim hrim vang erawh a ni ber chuang lo niin a sawi bawk (200).
Mafaa as an escapist
Hnam pumina mamawh vanglai taka mual liam ta J.F Laldailova sunna’n Kungpui Mi Ril tih hi Mafaa phuah a ni a. JF Laldailova kha Mizo thu leh hla huangah chuan mi pakhat nih tling a ni hlein a lang a. Thu ziak lamah te, hla phuah leh criticism lamah Mizo literature tana mi ṭangkai tak a ni. Mafaa phei chuan thu leh hla khawvela min hnuk lut a, min chawmtu ber a ni a tihial a ni (Chawlhna Tuikam 145).
“Kungpui Mi Ril” sunna hla hi elegiac stanza niin ‘abab’ rhyme a ni a; Thomas Gray-a elegy phuah dan hmanga phuah a ni. He hlaah hian Mafaa hian JF-a a uina thu te, a hmel hmu lo mah se a thu leh hlaah a hmel a hmuh chianzia te, mi bik leh tluk rual a nih lohzia a tar lang a ni. ‘Ka hippocrene,..deh loh sakei huai’ tiin Mizo literary criticism-a hmahruaitu leh lehlin hna thawk a, ṭawngkau chheh mawi leh ngaihnawm chhep thiam JF-a a dahsanzia leh a entawn ber a nih thute pawh a sawi lang bawk a ni. Chutiang khawpa atana mi pawimawh a han boral chuan,
Thilsiam zawng zawngten lungngaih bilhpuan khum ru!
Mual leh tlangin ṭah hluan zai lo sa e;
‘Khuanu fachuam kan sûn e,’ lo ti u! (6-8)
Mual leh tlangin ṭah hluan zai lo sa e;
‘Khuanu fachuam kan sûn e,’ lo ti u! (6-8)
tiin thil engkim mai chu a sunna ṭawmpui turin a sawm hial a. Awithangpa khan R. Dala a sunna hlaah khan a lungngaihna leh a lusunna kha “Hmar thimpui tlangte u, vanduai min ṭahpui ru” (13-14) a ti ve hial a nih kha (Mizo Hla leh Chhamhlate 49). English poet ropui John Keats-a a thih khan P.B. Shelley chuan ui em emin amah sunna hla “Adonais” a phuah a, chutah chuan a thlan hmun ringawt pawh chuan ropuina leh duhawmna a la neih cheu avangin thihna pawh a ngaihawm rum rum a ni tih a sawi a. Mafaa pawh han JF-a thlan chu a khawharna siamtu leh ṭahtir fotu a ni tih a sawi.
Shelleya’n Keats a sunnaah a lo kir tawh dawn lo tih hriaiin, “he will awake no more, oh, never more!” a ti a. Mafaa pawh hian JF-a chu lo kir leh dawn chu ni se a thiamnate pawh hman mai a duh a,
Thu tin tuah thiam, i thu-in lung a rem
Thiam i, thu mawi ka hril ang nang auh nan (21-22)
a han ti a, thu leh hlaah chuan a dah sang em em a, a lo kir leh theihna a nih phawt chuan a thiamna anga thu mawi chham pawh a duh a ni.
L. Keivom khan JFL-a nen a hringhranin intawng lo mah se, a lehkha ziak aṭanga a mi kawm nasat ber thu a sawi a. “A tisa hmel put lai hmu ve lo mah ila, a thu leh hla aṭangin tu nge a nih hai rual a ni lo” (JF-a leh Mafaa Zunzam 65) tiin thu leh hlaa hriatna leh thiamna Everest chhipa chuang a nih miau avangin chung en loh theih loh a nih thu a sawi bawk a ni. Mafaa tan pawh hian a hmel a hmuh phak loh leh a hria a ni tih pawh a hriat hman loh, thih hun hre lo ber ti hiala a koh JF-a chu a thu leh hlaah a hmu fiah hle tih a hriat a.
I anka leh sakhmel ka tawng lo ve;
I tuahrem thaikawi tin khal lai ka rel,
I anka leh sakhmel ka tawng leh e!(18-20)
Zofate zinga literary criticism hmahruaitu leh lehlin kawnga thawh hlawk tak, ṭawng duhtuina lama chi kui tiaktu, JF-a hi a kawng zawh ang zawh tumin nasa takin ṭan a la a ni tih Mafaa hian a pha lo a, chu mi kawngah chuan a hnung a zui zo lovin, mal a inti hle a ni.
Lusunna leh khawharna, natna tinreng kara hringnun hman hahthlakzia hre chiangtu John Keats-a khan dam lai hringnun pel a, lungkham ramah hahchawlhna a zawng ve mek a. Nightingale sava hram mawi tak a hriatin a suangtuahna chu chawh thawhin a awm a, zai thla zarin hringnun hreawmna chu thlawh bosan vang vang mai a duh a ni. A phu ang tawka chawimawi a duh em em, Mizo chhul chhuak, ke pahnih nei zawng zawng zinga literature lama a ngaihsan ber JF-a chu hun rei tak hnuah a sun nawn leh a ni a, Mafaa hian thu leh hla khawvela hnuk luttu chu thlarau ramah pawh zui zel a duh hial a
Chungmu iangin thangvan kai thiam ila,
Zaithla zarin i ṭang ka bel na’ng e;
Rauvi thla lungrualte’n ka chai tura,
Lungloh siktui thiangin Io tawk ang che (33-36)
tiin Muvanlai anga thla neih a, suangtuahna zaithla zarin rau ramah hlim taka intawh leh a beisei a ni. A hla chang tawp berah hian JF-a chu boral tawh mah se a thinungah hmun a la chang reng a, hriat reng a ni tawh dawn a ni tih a sawi bawk.
Chu a suangtuahna hmun chu a tan chuan ‘Chawlhna Tuikam’ a ni a,
Hmun leh hma a nei lo va, ‘visa’ leh ‘passport’ lah a ngai nahek lo. Suangtuahna thla (zaithla/wings of poesy) hmanga chu ram chu pan chi a ni a. …ram ri a nei lo va,…chu hmuna tui tling chu…a tui dawta dawn tawh phawt chuan, hun kal tawha min lo bawrh thintu lungngaihna leh hreawmna zawng zawng leh, min lo tithangtlawm tawh thil reng reng chu an hrechiang ngai tawh lo va, ..( Chawlhna Tuikam 14).
Eng tikah emaw chuan thihna hian a la tlawm dawn a ni tih a hrechiang a, chu tih hunah chuan lei lungngaihna hnuchhawnin chawlhna tuikam a pan tawh ang a, chu hmunah chuan lungngaia a sunte nen an la intawh leh a beisei a ni. Chu suangtuahna hmunah ngei chuan a ni zai thla zara lengin J.F-a nen lungruala len a chak em em ni.
Zaipui che ka nuam, lei lungkham pelin;
A hul tawh ang mittui, mittui lo thlawn!
Chawmkhuang mi ben ang che, zai chung zelin.(38-40)
Khawvel hreawmna hi mi tam takin tlansan an duh a, an beisei leh duh ang hmu zo lovin an hria a, he khawvel aia ṭha zawk, hreawmna leh tawrhnate a bona hmun leh an duh leh beisei ang zawng zawng kimna hmun awmin an ring a. Chu an beisei hmunah chuan rinna thla zarin khawvel hi an chhuahsan ta ṭhin a ni. R.L. Thanmawia chuan heti hian a sawi a,
Lunglenna rau kan sawi pawh hian mi a man tawh chuan…he khawvel lungngaihna leh hreawmna, sualna leh tenawmnaa khat hi chhuahsan a, he khawvel piah lam ram, lungngaihna leh manganna a awm tawh lohna hmun, sualnain a chim buai phak tawh lohna ram, hlim leh muang taka chen theihna hmun chu a zawng ruai ṭhin (Lung Min Lentu 18 & 19).
Tlangkawmna
Khawvela cheng mihring tute pawh hi awlsamna leh nawm zawkna beiseia hringnun chhiarin an buai ṭheuh a. Thih hnu piah lam a ni emaw, dam chhung ngeia nawmsakna leh thlamuanna kan zawng vek a ni. Escapist poet kan tihte pawh hian he hringnunah hian an duh leh beisei anga thil a thlen loh vang te, vanduaina leh tawrhna avangte, hringnun nin hrim hrim bakah, suangtuahnaa zalenna chen duh vangte pawhin he khawvel hi thlawh chhuahsan an duh ṭhin. Zirsangzela Hnamte chuan hringnuna sualna hrang hrang, mahni ṭheuh inngahtuaha, lungrualna leh inngeih tlang taka thawh hona awm theihlohna hmun hi hnuchhawn a duh a,
Theih chang ve se lenthiama’n,
Ṭuangṭuah par a vul lai ni,
Chhunrawlah va ring ila,
Hringnun sual hnutiang chhawnin. (5-8)
tiin thilnung dangte lungrualna leh inhmangaihna khawvelah chuan phengphehlepa chana hringnun hi chhuahsan a duh hial a ni.
Materialism-in hringnun a khawih buai a, nun hlutna chu chhungril aiin pawn lama thil neih hlutnaah an teh a. In leh lo, pawn lama lan mawina hrang hrang lirthei leh incheinate chuan chhungril ṭhatna aiin hlutna an chang sang zawk a. Chu mi aṭang chuan William Wordsworth-a khan awm bo vang vang a duh ṭhin a. Lawilo Dawrpui ang maia chang zo tawh hringnun, sum leh pai tuak a, chhungril, tisa leh thlarau awngrawp zawhna, malsawmna tenawm uma khawmuang hman lêk lova khuarel mawina hmuh hmaih a nihna lak ata chu inthiar fihlim a duh takzet a ni tih The world is too much with us tihah khan a lang a ni.
Escapism hi hma lam huna duhthusam hmun beisei a, chu hmuna chen duhna a nih fo laiin hun liam tawh hnua let leh duhna pawh a ni thei bawk a ni. R.L Thanmawia chuan “Damlai Pialral” tih hlaah chuan Sichangneii anga thla neiha thlawkin ‘Damlai pialral’ tia a sawi nun liam tawh hnuah let leh a duh a ni tih a tar lang a. Lalsangzuali Sailo pawh hian,
Van sang Mu ang khian thlawkin len thiam ila,
Hawi vel ka nuam mang e, mual tin tlang hrutin ,
Nunhlui liam hnute kha kan va tawng dah law maw,
Vanglai par mawi leh lenrual fam hnute kha.(6-9)
tiin lunglenna leh khawharna nasa tak avangin tun hun hian a hnem zo lo va, hun liam ta thilah khan inhnemna leh lungawina tur an zawng a. Thanmawia nen hian he thilah hian inlungrualin zai khat an vawr a tih theih ang.
Mizo pi leh pute zirtirnaah chuan, aia upate zah thiamna hi an ngai pawimawh hle a. Tlawmngaihna leh mi dang zah thiamnain khawtlang nun a timawiin nun a tihlu a, mi tinin hringnun nawmna leh hlutna an pawh pha ṭhin a ni. W.B Yeats chuan a hla pakhatah chuan, a awmna hmunah chuan upatna chuan hlutna a nei lo a, ṭhalaite chuan an lawm zawng leh duh zawng hlir buaipuiin, tarte chu pawnchhe hnangkhai ang lek dinhmunah an ding a ni tih a tar lang a. Chu hmun ata chu pen bona tur zawngin, Greek art Rangkachak mupuiah chan a, mi dangte lawmah leh mit titlai tur thilmawia chan a, hringnun chhuahsana thi thei tawh lo tura awm a duh a ni tih “Sailing to Byzantium”-ah khan a lang ani.
Khawvel nun hrehawmnate avangin ṭhenkhat chuan rinnain an suangtuahna hmuna len an duh fo ṭhin a. Mizo lengkhawm zaia kan hmuh tam berte chu hla phuahtuten an khawvel hreawmna lak ata an beisei van hmun thlen an duhna chungchang a ni. Khawvelah hlimna leh lawmna tluantling an hmu lo va, hringnun chu chhuahsana vanrama thlen an duh ṭhin a ni. Savaah emaw, thilnung dangah emaw chana hringnun hi thlawh chhuahsan an duh ṭhin a, an tum hmun chu van a ni. Ṭhenkhat leh chuan khuarel thil eng emawah chan a, nun hi tlansan an duh ṭhin a, chuti chuan zalen tak leh thawveng taka awm an duh a ni. Ṭhenkhat chuan tun hun hi tlansana hun liam taa let leh turin thilnung eng emawah chan a, nun liam ta chen leh emaw tawn leh hrim hrim duhna an nei bawk a.
Mafaa pawh hian hringnun hi chhuahsan a duh a ni tih chu a hlaah a lang fo va,
Lei hringnun a hrang lua e,
Hringchan piallei a hram mang e,
Khawvel chhawnin kei mi hem a,
Ka ruang uaiin a vuai zo ta!
Ka tling lo ve, ka tlin lo ve,
Chawlhna tuikam ka ngai zual ṭhin ( prelude 1-6)
tiin a duhna a lo tilang tawh a. Hringnun hi atan chuan hling hmun a ni a, khawi aṭang pawhin chu hling chuan a chhun noh noh reng fo thin. Chuvang chuan nunah hian
Kan hlimna ber par a uai fova,
Nuih duh pawha ṭahzai rel a ṭul ṭhin (1-2)
tiin chu nun chu thlawhchhuahsan a châk a ni. A nun hreawmna leh khawharna leh lunglenna mai bakah JF-a a sunna avang hian thi thei taksa kalsan a, thlarau ramah a awmna apianga JF-a zawm turin zai thla zara a kianga len a duh a ni tih a lang chiang ta hle a ni.
A chang chuan thingkunga thli chhem tan lehkhachaih, hrui chat tawh, uai vel mai mai hi ka inchan ṭhin..tu emaw tih tur hre lo dai vakin…a hawn tak hial…a chei ṭhat hliau hliau a, hruihrual fei taka a zawm leh te ni ta ila…vansangah mi chaih leng vel ang a, chhum zingah te ka leu zek zek ang a. A duh huna min hlum let zar zar a, min hnim pah a, “van rim a nam châk mai,” min tih turin (Hringnun Hrualhrui xvii-xviii).
Familia Lalṭansanga chuan Mafaa chu, Angel mawi tak, a duhthu thala awm thei si lo, a thla mawi tak zap zapa thlawh chhuah tum ṭang ṭang, thlawk thei bawk si lo’ tiin P.B. Shelley nen a tehkhin a. William Wordsworth-a hla “Lucy” nen khaikhinin, mi nun khawhar tak a ni tih chiang taka a hriat thu a sawi bawk (JF-a leh Mafaa zun zam 218). “Vaivuta siam rau rauvah J.F-a leh Mafaa Hauhnar-te hi zawng an lo ropui a, kan ram leh hnam tan rohlu an ni a, vaivuta siam, vaivuta an let leh hi tuar thiam a har a, an uiawm bik riau zawng a nih hi” (222).
Works Cited:
- Hauhnar, Mafaa. Hringnun Hrualhrui. Samaritan Printer, Mission Veng;Aizawl. 2000.
- Keivom, L. JF.Laldailova. Familia Fanai Lalṭansanga.ed. JF- a leh Mafaa Zunzam. Lengchhawn Offset, Aizawl. 2019.
- Khawlhring, Ṭhuamtea. Ziak Mite Suangtuah Ram. T.C. Jonunsanga. Ed. Zotuithiang. Writer’s Club, Lunglei. 2003.
- Laldailova, J,F. English-Lushai Dictionary. Lalrinliana. Aizawl. 2005.
- Lalnunchanga, C. Kawlkil Piah Lamtluang. Aizawl . C. Ramengmawii, 2017. Print.
- Lalrinfela, H. Chawlhna Tuikam. Gilbert & Raymond Publication, Aizawl. 2000.
- Lalṭansanga, Familia Fanai. JF-a leh Mafaa Zunzam. Lengchhawn Offset, Aizawl. 2019.
- Lalzuithanga, F. Laisuih Bu Hnihna. Lengchhawn Offset. Aizawl. 2016.
- Thanmawia, R.L. Lung Min Lentu. Aizawl. Author with financial assistance of Mizoram Publication Board. 2006.
- —. “Mizo Lengkhawm Zai Zirchianna”. Darchuailova Renthlei & F.Lalzuithanga. ed. Lenchawm. Department of Mizo, Gov’t Hrangbana College, Aizawl. 2017.
- Oxford Essential Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Inc. 2003.
Cite this essay:
Zadingliana, Ellis F. “Mafaa Hauhnar : The Escapist of Conflict.” Mizo Studies, IX, no. 1, Mar. 2020, pp. 16–26.
