Abstract: Khawvel hnam tin mai hian ‘thlahrang’ leh ‘ramhuai’ chanchin sawi tur an nei ṭheuh a. ‘Thlahrang’leh ‘ramhuai’ chanchin an sawi ṭhin te hian, mihring nunah a ṭha lam zawnga thlen nei tam lo hle mah se, mihring rilru leh ngaihtuahna hian ‘thil mak’ a ngaihven riau vang pawh a ni mah na, a tak ngeia tawng nia insawi te, an sawi leh chhawn leh thawnthu phuah chawp thlengin gothic literature hian khawvel a deng chhuak lawi si.
Mizo pi pute khan ramhuai ṭha chi leh ramhuai sual chi an lo nei hrang thlap a, anmahni tinaa tibuai ṭhintu a nih avanga an dam loh chang pawha damna duhin a hnenah an inthawi ṭhin. Mizo literature-ah pawh gothic literature hi a mikhual lo hle. Kum 1975-a tihchhuah tawh, Mizo gothic novel chuai thei lo Khawkil Bung Huai hian engti ang takin nge gothic literature tualah Mizo society-a ‘huai’ leh ‘thlahrang’ a lo tualchaipui i han han thlir teh ang.
1. Gothic Novel/ Literature chu eng nge?
Invaluable.com (website) chuan “Elements of Gothic Literature” tih essay-ah chuan,
Gothic literature hi kum 1700 tawp lama Dark Romanticism kalphung tam tak la chhawng deuh riai ruai sia duan, Romanticism movement huam zau zawk anga thu leh hla kalphung thara lo irh chhuak ta hi a ni. Dark Romanticism-ah chuan inrikrapna te, thu leh hla thinṭhawng te, thiltihtheihna danglam bik nei thil te, hmun thim leh rapawm bakah hmunhma, mit leh ngaihtuahna la tak siin hmun pawimawh tak a chang. Phuah chawp hmanga he thuziak kalphung hian thil chi hrang hrang a su tlang tawh a, an chin ṭan tirh ata harh tharna/danglamna kawng hrang hrang a pal tlang tawh a, kalphung tharte pawh a tem chho ta zel a ni (n.pag).
tiin gothic literature chungchang a tar lang a. H. Laldinmawia chuan,
…thil mak (mystery) leh hlauhawm leh rapthlâk (terror) lam chanchin ziakna thawnthu hi ‘Gothic Novel’ tiin a sawi theih ang. ‘Gothic’ tih hi German hnam pakhat Goths-ho sawina aṭanga lo kal a ni a, medieval hun laia an in sak dan (architecture) leh an puithuna (superstition) kai kawpa thawnthu mak tak tak sawina aṭanga lo chhuak a ni…Gothic Novel chuan a setting atan lal in (castle) leh a chhehvel chanchin a hmang tlangpui a, chung hmunah chuan thil hlauhawm leh thin ṭhawng tak tak hmuh tur leh hriat tur a awm ṭhin. Hmanlai puithuna thil lo thleng tur nen a inthlun zawm a; hun lo thleng tur (omen, portents)-te nen sawi zawmin, thil mak danglam (supernatural) tak tak a thleng ṭhin. Hmeichhiate chu tihthlabar an ni a, hmun thim tak te, râpawm tak te, kawngka inkhawng ri te, thinrimna te, thli thaw ri leh thawm mak tak tak te a awm ṭhin bawk (172),
tiin gothic novel awmzia a hrilh fiah a. Somnath Sarkar chuan,
Gothic Novel chu fiction chi khat, thil mak danglam leh hlauhawm bikte chetna, kulh thim emaw, hmanlai hmun hlui emaw behchhana ziah hi a ni. Hetiang novel hi hmanlai hun ang tak ni lo, entawn deuh sia duan (pseudo-medieval fiction) niin, thil mak leh danglam, inrikrapna lam boruakin a tuam tlat a ni. Gothic novel hi a chang chuan Gothic horror tia sawi a ni ve fo a. Hlauhawm, hrang lam (horror) leh thiltihtheihna danglam tak neiho lanna (romance) chi khat a ni (n.pag),
a ti ve thung. Ramhuai emaw, thlahrang emaw, mihring thisen leh pangti lum nei ve lo, mihringte khawvela an hmel leh pianhmang inlarna, mihring theihna piah lam nei (supernatural beings)-ten mihring chenna leilung an tlawh a, mihring nuna thil thleng ngai lo thlentir a, mak danglam taka an chetna thawnthu hi gothic novel chu a ni, ti ila a fiah mai awm e.
2. Khawkil Bung Huai leh Thlahrang Khawvel
Apuia Tochhawng chuan,
Khawvel hnam ropui civilization ropui tak tak lo nei tawhte pawh hian thlahrang hi an lo sawi nasain ṭhangtharte hnena sawi chhawn zel tur ngaihnawm tak tak hi an pi pute’n an lo hnutchhiah deuh zel mai nia. Khawvel hnam pakhat chauhin thlahrang hi buaipui lova khawvel hnam tinin sawi tur kan ngah em em vek maite hi thil mak tak chu a ni phawt mai (5),
tiin a lehkhabu Ramhuai Lamtual thuhmaah a tar lang a. Ram tin leh hnam tin hian hmun hma sawi hràn deuh leh, thlarau leh ramhuai mihringte hmaa an inlarna hi sawi tur an nei deuh vek mai niin a lang. Mizo society-ah pawh chu chu thil thar a ni lo a. Rochun thawnthu (folktale) lamah pawh mihring theihna piah lama thiltihtheihna nei (supernatural beings)-te inlarna hmuh tur tam tak a awm. Mizo pi leh pute khan tlang lian deuh leh luipui te, sih te hian enkawltu, ‘huai’ an nei nia ngaihna an nei bawk a. Chung huaihote chu mihringte ang thoa khua indinin, lal te pawh nei hrang vea khawsaah an ngai a. Reiek kham huai leh Chhawrpial kham huai indona thawnthu te pawh a lo awm hial a ni (Lalthangliana 340).
H.P. Lalropuia’n, “… Dawihzep ber pawh hian thlahrang hi chu hlau viau mah se, a hmuha hmuh tur a awm em loh hi chuan an chanchin na na na hi chu kan ngaithla duh khawp mai” (qtd. in Vanchiau 62) a lo tih ang deuhin, mihring ngaihtuahna kil khat hian chu lam chu a ngaihven tlat vang a ni mah na, khawvelah hian ‘huai’ leh ‘thla’-ten hmun pawimawh an channa thawnthu tam tak a chhuak tawh a. Thawnthua ziah leh movie/drama-a entir mai duh khawp lovin, khawvel hmasawnna ṭhang zel karah ṭhangthar zawkte phei chuan a ngial a ngan zawka mipui hmaa chhawp chhuah tumin, Facebook leh Youtube lamah ghost hunting (thlahrang zawnna) live video thlir tur a awm ta fo mai a, Mizo ṭhalaite zingah ngei pawh ghost hunter an awm ta nual mai.
Khawvel ram hrang hrangah ram leilung inrem dan leh, in leh lo din dan te, mipui mimir nunphung a inan miau loh avangin, khawvel ram hrang hranga thlahrang leh ramhuaite sulhnu leh an chettlat dan a inang lo a. Thawm mak tak tak leh rapthlak tak taka an chettlatna avanga mihring an tihthlabar dan kawngah erawh, hnam inan lohnain a tibuai pha lo a. Chu lai tak chu gothic novel-in khawvel a tuam chhuahna leh, nunna nei mihring tawh phawtte nun hlimthla rualkhai taka a tar lanna pawh a ni awm e.
3. Khawkîl Bung Huai-in Gothic Novel Ziarang A Tar Lan Dan
3.1 Thil Mak Danglam leh Hlauhna (Mystery and Fear):
Gothic Novel-a thil langsar leh, thawnthu dangte aia a danglamna zinga chhinchhiah tlak tak chu thin a tiṭhawng leh hlauhna rilru a chawk tho ṭhin hi a ni. Science hmanga fin fiah theih piah lam thil chu thil mak a ni mai a, chu chu gothic boruak innghahna chu a ni. Gothic novel-ah chuan mitthi phum te, sathau khawnvar phe zawk zawk te, dawi lam thil sawngbawl leh thil râpawm lam hmuh tur a tam ṭhin (invaluable.com, n.pag). Khawkîl Bung Huai thawnthu hi hetiang hlauhna leh thlabarna, thin tiphu zawk zawk thei khawpa thil thleng rapthlak hian a tuam chhuak a ni deuh ber mai.
Hmuh theih loh leh khawih theih loh huaiin hai rual loha an ran vulh a rawn tihbuai fo te (13), tlangvalhovin a khaw nawta thla âi an um hlana, naupang leh nutling thlan tla hluama pawnpui hnuaia an lo inzial chang te (15), Mualṭhangthei kawna thisenin a vawm sen ngei nguai te (16), an khaw kawtchhuah bûngin thawm maksak leh rapthlak tak tak a chhuah te (18), mi pahnih lu kir bip bep, lo inbengberek nawk nawk an hmuh te (19), Mualṭhangthei ram leilung awm dan mak sak takin a tihbuai ṭhin te (20), an lal fapa Saiṭhuama thih zan (57) leh an lal fanu Saitluangi bo ramhnuai aṭanga an hruai haw zan (119) aṭanga dai bula ṭap thawm an hriat fo te chu Khawkîl mipuite tan thil thar a ni lo a, an hriat leh an tawn fo, ngaia neih harsa an tih si, thlabar reng renga nun hmantir ṭhintu a ni.
An lal fanu bo chhan chhuaktu Thansanga hmaa ramhuaiho dumde leh saibâk anga an rawn inlan te (93), sa rawl emaw, mihring rawl emaw pawh ni si lo rapthlak taka au ṭial ruan ruan mai te (93), thim zinga mitmeng pahnih de ṭhiang rial anga ramhuaiin an rawn bih leh phun ru ser ser te (106), Saitluangi harh mumal thei loin ramhuai zawhna ni awm tak a chhâng leh nawk nawk ṭhin te (105, 109), Saitluangi hlauh nei ni awm taka a khùr hlawk hlawk kara ramhuai rim ni awm tak rimchhe tak rawn nam te (108), ramhuai pakhatin ama bawp bal a rawn pu vu vu mai te (109), ṭhenkhatin anmahni khabe bala an rawn vawm te, ṭhenkhatin anmahni ril valha rawn phih awh an tum te, an awmna piah lawka hnahthel tla ro leh a ro lo thlenga a rawn alh phei dul dul mai te (110, 111) hian he thawnthu chhiartute hahdam taka awm thei lo turin a siam a, thlabar leh hlauthawng a phut zawk zawkna tur thil thlengin he thawnthu hi a luah khat a ni deuh ber.
3.2 Inlàrna leh Anchhia (Omens and Curses):
Gothic novel-ah hian hmuh lawkna, inlàrna leh ànchhe lawhna (visions, omens, curses) a taka thleng dik a tam ṭhin hle a. A changtu langsarte nunna lakna atan chhiatna leh vanduaina a thleng fo. Entir nan, thim zinga eng emaw inlar dawnin thil eng emaw a tla a, a keh chhuai a, hlimthla a lo inlar ṭhin. Edgar Allen Poe-a khan kum 1843-a a tihchhuah thawnthu tawi “The Black Cat”-ah khan hetiang hi a hmang a. A thawnthu hming ang hian zawhte hmangin zawhte rual zinga Pluto tia a koh chu Roman tuanthua thihna pathian angin a tar lang a ni (invaluable.com, n.pag ).
Khawkîl Bung Huai thawnthuah pawh hian a taka fiah ni chiah lo mah se, phuba lakna leh ànchhia nia ngaih theih thil thleng hi a thawnthu laimu (main-plot) khalh kaltu leh a changtu ber (main-character)-te tibuaitu ber a ni. An lalpain kih a duh tlat avanga an kih tak an khaw kawtchhuah bûng, huai nei (19) an kih hnua an lal fapa Saiṭhuama khawlai leng a bo a, thia an chhar (54) hnua an lal fanu Saitluangi a han bo leha, an va hmuh chhuah lai leh, a hnua thil thleng zawng zawngte aṭanga, bûng huaiin an man a ni ang, tih rin theih tak tura thil thleng te (74, 124) hian a thawnthu hi a tir aṭanga a tawp thlengin hlauhna leh thlabarnain a tuam khat a. Khawkîl lalpa ngei pawhin bûng huai chu an chhungkaw chungah a thinrim bik nia a hriatna (75) chu a thawnthu hian a dikzia a rawn lantir chho ta zel a ni.
3.3 A Boruak leh A Hmunhma (Atmosphere and Setting):
Gothic thawnthu ziaktute hian a changtute channa hmun tur an thlang uluk thei hle a, a thawnthuin hlauhna leh awm nawm lohna a thlen nghal theihna turin a boruak inṭam dan leh a chhehvel thilte an duh uluk hle. Ziaktu tam ber chuan ramngaw thim khup, tlang ram dai dar loh, sik leh sa danglam leh thlipui hlauhawm thaw vuk vuk an hmang uar hle. Medieval hun laia a changtute chet tlatna kulh ropui tak te an hmang fo va, hei hi gothic thuziak hmasa lamah pawh a langsar hle. Entir nan, gothic writer, Mary Shelley chuan hmun nelawm loh tak tak thlan mual, kulh thim rup te chu hmangin kum 1818-a a novel, Frankenstein thawnthu ruangam a din a ni. Tun hmaa ziaktu ṭhenkhat chuan hmun khawharthlak leh la dai dar loh, tu ma la fan loh ram an hmang nasa hle (invaluable.com, n.pag).
Khawkîl Bûng Huai thawnthu pumpui innghahna (settings) hi Khawkîl khua leh a chhehvel ramhnuai a ni deuh ber a. An khaw kawtchhuah bûng awmna hmun leh, Mualṭhangthei ram hi a thawnthua hmunhmaa lang tam ber a ni. A thawnthua Mualṭhangthei ram leilung awm dan lo lang chu:
Mualṭhangthei ram hi a lu lamah kawnin a zai a; zawi zawiin a ram chu a invâwr sâng zel a, a laiah chuan a lo phir ta a. A laiah chuan kàwn a lo awm leh a, chûng laiah chuan a tlâng hlâwm pum pui chu a lian hle tawh a. A mual mawng lamah phei chuan mual tê tê leh râwlkhâng angreng tein a dâwm a, ram zau tak a ni tawh rêng a (39).…ram chhe pui pui a tam avang leh a ram chu a zau ve thawkhat bawk avang chuan chuti maia han fan chip tak tak chi chu a ni lo. Pûk ṭhenkhat chu a kotlâng aṭanga han bih sathliah maia a tàwp lang thei lo khawpa thûk leh thim te a ni a, a ṭhenah chuan a kawkel leh kumkâr thûk fe fete a awm bawk a (40),
tih leh, an khaw paho titia,
A, khu mual lah khu Mualṭhangthei tih takah a mak khawp a, ram zau lutuk pawh ni khuan a lang si lo va, han fang han fang ila, kan la tlawh ngai loh hmun tam tak hi kal apiang khuan hmuh tur a awm ziah a. Khâm bakbarek leh pûk thim hlauhawm pui pui lah khu a tam a. A chang phei chuan thui fe kan kal tawh emaw tih te hian a ngaia chhuah leh hlawl te hi a awm tlat a (20),
tih te hi a ni a. Huai nei bûng awmna hmun hi thawm rapthlak tak tak an hriatna hmun, mi pahnih lu kir bip bep an hmuhna hmun (19), Saiṭhuama bo zana naupang mangang leh hlau em ema ṭap leh âi chul ri ni awm tak an hriatna hmun, Saitluangi bona vel bawr (76) ni bawk a ni a. A ram leilung leh pianhmang lo lan dan hian a chhiartute suangtuahna mitthlaa ramngaw ṭihbaiawm tak dinsak thei khawpin a ziaktu hian a tar lang thiam a. He hmuna thil thleng te lah hah tidam lo chi, thin tiphua, hlauhna leh thlabarna thlen thei chi hlir a lo ni bawk nen, he thawnthu ziaktu hian a thawnthu hmunhma (settings) hmang hian a thawnthu boruak hlauhawm takin a rawn siam thiam hle a ni.
3.4 Danglam Bik leh Thlahrâng Chetna (Supernatural and Paranormal Activity):
Gothic thu leh hla reng reng chu uchuak taka thiltihtheihna nei emaw, thil thleng danglam takah emaw a innghat chawk a. Ruang/thil thi tawh lo nung leh te, thlarau, thlahrang leh thisen dawt chi vampire-te pho lan a ni ṭhin. Bram Stoker-a’n kum 1897-a a ziah gothic fantasy, Dracula pawh kha hemi lam hawi hi a ni (invaluable.com, n.pag).
Khawkîl Bung Huai thawnthuah pawh hian a thawnthu inṭan tirh phat aṭangin ramhuai chetna rapthlak tak a lo lang nghal a. Chalthanga’n khuaa mi dang a va pun chhunga Saitluangi awmpuitu Thansanga thim zinga mit pahnih de ṭhiang rialin an rawn bih kuau te (106), hla deuh hlek aṭanga rawn ‘hei hah’-a, a ṭhen rawn nui khêk leh lei hrut dut dut khawpa rum ri te (108), ramhuai ṭhenkhatin anmahni bawp bala an rawn pu vu vu te (109), anmahni khabe kuai bala an rawn vawm te (110), anmahni ril valha Thansanga rawn phih awh an tum te (110), ril bunga rawn veh an tum te (111), an awmna piah deuh aṭanga hnahthel tla a ro leh ro lo pawh awm chuang loa a rawn alh phei dul dul mai te (110) hi an chetna langsar zual deuh lai a ni. Heng, science-in a fiah theih piah lam thil rapthlak tak tak rawn langte hian gothic novel a nihna lai chawi nungin, he thawnthu ngaihnawmna vawrtawp thlentirtu a ni lawi si.
3.5 Inngaihzawnna (Romance):
Gothic literature hi Romantic literature aṭanga lo zi chhuak anga sawi a nih angin, a kalphung pawh a inzem deuh chiat a ni. Gothic novel tam ber chu induh taka inngaihzawnna, lungngaihna leh tawpna lungchhiat thlakin a zui duh khawp mai. Charles Dickens-a thawnthute pawh romantic taka hmangaihte inngaihzawnna a ni a; mahse, mi sual hruanghrau leh gothic hmunhmain a pawlh nasa hle thung. Victorian hun laia gothic novel-te chu mipat hmeichhiatna thil pho chhuahna atan an hmang nasa hle bawk (invaluable.com, n.pag).
He thawnthuah pawh hian thil thleng râpthlâk leh ṭihbaiawm tak tak karah nula leh tlangval inhmangaihna, rilru khawih tak a lo lang a. Khawkîl khaw lal fanu Saitluangi leh hnamchawm tlangval Thansanga inhmangaihna chuan an dinhmun inthlauhna avangin harsatna tam tak siamsak mah se (72), a thawnthua thilthleng rapthlak dang lo thleng te avang zawkin an inkara harsatna chu chin fel a ni ta zawk a. Thansanga’n bung huai laka a hmangaih Saitluangi a chhan chhuah hnuah, an inhmangaihna tipuitlinga, hlim taka an inneih tak thu kan hmu a ni (124).
3.6 Mi sual (Villain):
Thu leh hla ṭhuang dangte ang bawkin gothic thu leh hlaah hian mi sualte hian hmun pawimawh an luah. Gothic novel chhuak hmasaah chuan mi sualte hi thuneihna ngah, pa tak, puithiam emaw, lal emaw anga thuneihna changtu an ni deuh fo. Mi pangngai tak an nih avangin a chhiartute pawh an mizia hian a bum fo va. Dracula te, Mr Hyde te pawh kha entirna ṭha tak a ni (invaluable.com, n.pag).
Khawkîl Bûng Huai thawnthuah pawh hian thawnthu danga mi sual (villain) lan dang angina a changtu (character) dangte lakah rawn sual em em lo mah se, a khaw mipuite pawhin an duh vak lo chung bung huai nei kih duh tlattu a ni a (19, 42). A khaw pumin buaina leh harsatna tam tak an tawh phah a. a fapa Saiṭhuama nunnain a tawrh phah a (34), a fanu Saitluangi’n bûng huai man a tawh phah bawk a ni (104).
3.7 Rilru lama Harsatna (Emotional Distress):
Gothic lam ziaktute hian ngaihtuahna pho lanna atan rilru sosang lai hi an hmang fo. A changtu tam takte chuan an thlabarna emaw, an ralkhelhna emaw hi ṭawngka ni lovin an lan chhuahtir ṭhin. Kum za bi sawm hnihnaa gothic novel tam takah âtna leh rilru lama buaina nei an lang tam hle a, chu chuan psychosis dinhmunah hian a dah ṭhin. Entir nan, Charlotte Perkins Gilman-a thawnthu tawi “The Yellow Wallpaper” chu nu pakhat, nau a hrin hnua depression nei ta dinhmun behchhana a ziah a ni (invaluable.com, n.pag).
Khawkîl Bûng Huai thawnthuah pawh hian an lal fanu Saitluangi chu a bo vang vang hnuah lung tohlawt hnuai, pûk angreng chhûngah an va hmu a (90). Mahse, an han biak mawlh mawlh pawhin, chhâng lovin a ngawi tlat reng a (92). Thawm mak tak tak a awm changin rawn ṭawng chhuah hlawl hlawl châng nei mah se, pangngai taka an han biak chuan a ngawi leh tlat ṭhin bawk si (105). A bo hnua thil thleng zawng zawng hre lo ang main, a bo hmaa thil thleng chin chiah hriaa, fim taka rawn har chhuah lai a nei a (107). Mahse, chu paw’n rei a daih chuang lo. In an thlen hnu pawhin rei tak a ṭawng duh lo a, chaw a ei duh lo a, an khaw mite pawhin a mi ang lo hlen palh mai ang tih an hlauhthawnpui khawpin a awm a (118) an khaw dai bul ngawa ṭap chuah chuah thawm mak tak an hriat erawh chuan, ngaihven awm takin a beng a chhi a, a hawi a hawi leh lawi a (120). Hetianga Saitluangi mak taka a khawsak laia a chhungte tuarna hian ramhuai thawm leh thiltih mak leh rapthlak tak tak a lan tawh loh hnu thlengin a thawnthu chu lungngaihthlak takin a la hruai kawi zel a. Tharuma hneh leh siam ṭhat theih loh rilru lam buaina hmangin gothic novel a nihna chawi nung turinlungngaihna a la thlen ta zel a ni.
3.8 Mang Chhia (Nightmares):
Gothic thu leh hlaa chhiatna thlentu chhinchhiahna pawimawh tak chu mang chhia a ni. Mang chhia chu tun hmaa hrilh lawkna thil nen inzawmin thawnthu ruangama mi tibuaia zar buaitu ber a ni ṭhin. Ziaktute chuan mang chhia chu a changtute tibuaia, hlau hlawpa siamtu atan an hmang tlangpui a. Stephen King-a Bag of Bones-ah Mike Noonan chu mang lama thil chi hrang hrang hmuin a nupui thih tur hmu lawka mang chhiain a tibuai nasa a ni (invaluable.com, n.pag).
He thawnthuah hian bûng huai thiltih rapthlak tak nena inzawmna thuk tak nei mang chhia (nightmares), a thawnthua an harsatna lian ber chin felna atana kawng pawimawh tak ni si a lo lang a. A fanu Saitluangi chu rawp ral mai tawh tur a ngai a, lalpain khaw danga an chhungte pawh a chah khawm lai mekin, zan khat chu Thansanga chuan mumang a nei a, a mangah chuan mi pakhat hi a lo hmu a. Chu mi chuan, “Saitluangi in chhuhsak avang hian a latute hi an thinur em em mai a. Nangni a chhuhsaktute hian ar hluingo kenga a hmun ngeia inthawina in va hman loh chuan in chang chuang lo vang,” tiin a lo hrilh a (125). He mang chhia, an rilrua nung tlat si avang hian Thansanga leh a ṭhianpa Chalthanga chuan Saitluangi an hmuhna hmunah inthawina an va nei a (123). Saitluangi chu ramhuaiho lak ata chhan chhuakin, a lo dam ṭhat leh theih phah ta a ni (124).
3.9 Changtu Ber Awm lo (Anti-hero):
Gothic novel-ah chuan, a thawnthu kalhmangah hian a changtu ber pawh awm mumal lo, a changtu ber nia lang pawh maksak tak taka a chet ṭhin avanga a changtu nihna chiang hlei thei lo an ni fo mai. A changtu ber (protagonist) chu mipa an ni tlangpui a, feminist movement a lo chhuah aṭangin English novelist Clara Reeved chuan a thawnthuah a changtu berah hmeichhia a ṭantir ta fo a ni. A changtute hian khawtlangah dinhmun sang tak luahin thiltihtheihna pawh an nei viau zel a. An chhiatna tur chu hliahin a awm a, lungngaihna leh chhiatna rapthlak takin a delh rit ta ṭhin a ni. Emily Bronte-i thawnthu Wuthering Heights-a Cathy leh Heathcliff te dinhmun te, leh Oscar Wilde-a The Picture of Dorian Gray thawnthua Dorian Gray dinhmunah te kan hmu (invaluable.com, n.pag).
Khawkil Bung Huai thawnthua a changtu langsar ber chu Thansanga leh Saitluangi te hi an ni a. Gothic novel-a character din dan phung pangngaiin, Saitluangi chu tu ma chuhpui phak loha khawtlanga dinhmun sang chelh saa lo piang chhuak, lal fanu a ni. Mahse, Mizo novel a hmeichhe character dang, nula hmel ṭha leh nù hnâp, mipate tana ngaihzawnawm hliah hliaha lanna hun pawh nei lek lo khawpin bûng huaiin a chhaih buai a. Hnamchawm a nihna avanga en hniamna hrang hrang karah Thansanga erawh chuan mipa a nihna a hlen chhuak zo hle thung. Chutih rual chuan he thawnthuah hian a changtu (protagonist) te character mal han khel chiam tham pawha langsar hman lo khawpin, mak leh rapthlak tak taka bûng huai chetna hian hmun a luah khat hneh zawk a. Chu lai tak chu gothic novel ziarang ngaihnawm taka a rawn lanna a ni thung.
3.10 Hmeichhe Lungngai (Damsel in Distress):
Gothic thawnthuah hian mi sual avanga hmeichhiate tuarna leh lungngaihna a lang fo. Lungngaihna, awp behna leh khawharnain a tibuai chamchi a, Gothic thawnthu hmasa lamah phei chuan hmeichhe thianghlim an ni duh. Hmeichhia chu kulhah emaw tantir a ni a, mi zahawm takin vau ṭhaihin eng mah ti thei lovin a siam ṭhin. Hetianga hmeichhia lainatawm taka lo lang te hian chhiartute rilru a khawih thei hle a. Horace Walpole-a thawnthua Matilda pawh, a pa tana a rinawm tlat avanga a chauh dera, eng mah ti thei lova a awm tak dan kan hmu (invaluable.com, n.pag).
Khawkîl Bung Huai thawnthuah pawh hian a tir phat aṭangin bûng huai chet dan avanga hmeichhiaten thlabâr leh lungngai taka nun an hman thu kan hmu a (15). A thawnthuin a vawrtawp (climax) a thlen chhoh laia tuartu pawh a thawnthua hmeichhe langsar ber Saitluangi a ni (104). Saitluangi tuarna nasa tak leh ramhuaiho chet dan chimawm tak chuan pasalṭha Thansanga rilru lian a cho chhuak a, a kianga a awm lai renga Saitluangi tibuaitu ramhuai chu, “Lo kal teh, ka’n sawp tak tak teh ang che, eng nge ni na vei, eng huai pawh ni rawh, ka hlau lo che; pasalṭha Chawngkhuma fapa Thansanga ka nih hi. Tin ther tiat pawhin ka hlau lo che” (106) tia a ṭawng chhuah phah hial ang hian, Saitluangi tawrhna rapthlak tak hian a thawnthu chhiartute ramhuaiho laka, a phuba laksak châkna leh thinrim tawt up upna min pe thei hial a ni.
A Hmawrbawkna:
Gothic novel ziarangin ngaihnawm taka a tuam chiat, Mizo society leh khawvel pum huap pawha mihring nun leh ‘thla’ leh ‘huai’ te inkungkaihna khawvel tar lang ṭha em em. Thlamuanna mamawha tuihal ngawih ngawiha a chhiartute siam thei khawpa mihring rilru chhungrila hlauhna, thlabarna leh manganna kai chhuak thei Darhlira thawnthu Khawkîl Bûng Huai hi, gothic literature ṭhang chho mek karah pawh tlar hmasa lam luahtu a la ni zelin a rinawm a ni.
Works Cited
- Darhlira. Khawkil Bung Huai. Gilzom Offset, 2010.
- Laldinmawia, H. Literature Lamtluang. KL Offset Printers, 2020.
- Lalthangliana, B. Pi Pu Zûnlêng. The. Govt. Press, 2007.
- Sarkar, Somnath. “Gothic Novel: Definition, Characteristics, His tory, Essay, Examples in English”. Eng-literature.com, 29 September, 2021. http//.www.english-literature.com/goth- ic-novel-definition-characteristics-history-essay-exam ples-in-literature.
- “The Top 10 elements of Gothic Literature”. Invaluable.com, 29 September, 2021. http//.www.invaluable.com/blog/ele ments-of-gothic-literature.
- Tochhawng, Apuia. Ramhuai Lamtual. Sabereka Khuangkaih Publication, 2016.
- Vanchiau, C. Lalawmpuia. Tapchhak Theory (Essays & Criticism). Zorin Compugraphics, 2011.
- Vanlalsanga, V. Science-in A Fiah Theih Loh Thilte. Gilzom Offset, 2009.
Cite the original source:
Ngente, Lalremruati, and Renthlei, Lalnunpuia. “Darhlira Khawkîl Bung Huai As A Gothic Novel.” Mizo Studies, X, no. 4, Dec. 2021, pp. 795–807.
